This scoping review mapped the academic literature focused on the therapeutic itinerary of children who seek care in health services and proposed an explanatory model to expand the concept and classification of these health itineraries. A total of 789 articles were reviewed, of which 28 were eligible for inclusion. In these 28 it was possible to observe that the child's therapeutic itinerary is more than a physical path, but also encompasses all choices within a specific social and cultural environment in (...) which the child is inserted. Our proposal is to expand the concept beyond the therapeutic, classifying the itinerary also according to the objective, the decision‐making agent, respect for the presence of company, the health subsystem used, according to the physical continuity of the itinerary, the perception of efficacy of the patient, the nature of the illness, the administration of healthcare, the means of transport used, the person providing information about the itinerary, the planning of the itinerary and its completeness. Knowing the child's itineraries toward healthcare allows the development of innovative discourses and practices for future public policies, through which the principles of comprehensiveness and resoluteness in children's health would be strengthened. There is still a need to deepen knowledge about the meanings and feelings regarding their interpretations of the events suffered in childhood. (shrink)

In the Brazilian Amazon, snakebite envenomations (SBEs) disproportionately affect Indigenous populations, and have a significantly higher incidence and lethality than in non‐Indigenous populations. This qualitative study describes the Indigenous and biomedical healthcare domains for SBE care from the perspective of the Indigenous medical and nursing students in Manaus, Western Brazilian Amazon. In‐depth interviews were conducted with five Indigenous students from the Amazonas State University, between January and December 2021. The interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis. We organized an explanatory (...) model with five themes: (1) participants' identities; (2) causality levels in Indigenous and biomedical systems; (3) therapeutic itineraries in Indigenous and biomedical systems; (4) ideological implications of adding biomedical devices to Indigenous healing systems; and (5) therapeutic failure in and efficacy of Indigenous and biomedical systems. From a noncolonial perspective and seeking to increase the quality and acceptability of health care for the Indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon, the training of Indigenous health professionals presents itself as a promising strategy. For this goal, universities should serve as empowering settings for Indigenous health students that support them in their growth and development, raise their awareness of injustice, and catalyze change toward a culturally adapted and effective service for the users. (shrink)

This paper examines the situation of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers from Myanmar during the Covid-19 pandemic. It looks at the circumstances of the migrants prior to the global health emergency, before exploring possibilities for a post-pandemic future for this stratum of the working people by raising critical questions addressed to agrarian movements. It does this by focusing on the nature and dynamics of the nexus of land and labour in the context of production and social reproduction, a view that (...) in the context of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers necessarily requires interrelated perspectives on labour, agrarian, and food justice struggles. This requires a rethinking of the role of land, not as a factor in either production or social reproduction, but as a central component in both spheres simultaneously. The question is not ‘whether’ it is necessary and desirable to forge multi-class coalitions and struggles against external capital, while not losing sight of the exploitative relations within rural communities and the household; rather, the question is ‘how’ to achieve this. It will require a messy recursive process, going back and forth between theoretical exploration and practical politics. (shrink)

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is an important health problem in Latin America. Due to the mobility of Latin American population around the world, countries without vector presence started to report disease cases. We developed a deterministic compartmental model in order to gain insights into the disease dynamics in a scenario without vector presence, considering congenital transmission and transmission by blood transfusion. The model was used to evaluate the epidemiological effect of control measures. It was applied to demographic data from (...) Spain and sensitivity analysis was performed on model parameters associated with control strategies. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o problema da fraqueza da vontade no quadro conceitual da filosofia moral kantiana. A fim de realçar uma característica da filosofia kantiana relevante para a posição conceitual do problema, servimo-nos do contraste com as análises de Donald Davidson sobre o fenômeno da fraqueza da vontade. Depois de evidenciado o modo como o fenômeno pode ser admitido no sistema kantiano, procuramos defender uma hipótese quanto ao modo como ele poderia ser aí explicado. Trata-se (...) da hipótese de que uma derivação desatenta e negligente a partir da Lei Moral poderia tornar compreensíveis os diversos estágios da maldade em sentido amplo do ser humano, e de que os dois primeiros estágios poderiam ser considerados correspondentes ao fenômeno usualmente chamado de fraqueza da vontade.Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to examine the problem of weakness of will in the conceptual framework of Kantian's moral philosophy. In order to present a feature of Kantian's philosophy which is important for the theoretical placing of the problem, I draw on the contrast with Davidson's analyses of the phenomenon of weakness of will. After indicating the way in which the phenomenon can be admitted in the Kantian system, I try to defend a hypothesis about the way in which it could be explained in this system. It is the hypothesis that an inattentive and negligent derivation from the Moral Law could explain the different stages of the evilness in broad sense of the human being, and that the two first stages can be judged correspondent to the phenomenon usually called weakness of will. (shrink)

O trabalho voluntário vem ganhando novas conotações no mundo contemporâneo, gerando novos investimentos em estudos acadêmicos e conquistando espaço na mídia e em movimentos culturais. Esta dissertação, objetiva investigar o trabalho voluntário como potencialmente realizador do ser humano em sua espiritualidade, a partir do referencial teórico na perspectiva de Viktor Frankl. Para isto, no primeiro capítulo se aborda a teoria de Viktor Frankl e seus principais conceitos relacionados à espiritualidade, como: dimensão noética, inconsciente espiritual e autotranscendência. O segundo capítulo trata (...) conceitualmente do trabalho voluntário, juntamente com um breve histórico desta realidade no Brasil e, por fim, a motivações que estimula a ação voluntária. O terceiro capítulo procura associar o trabalho voluntário e realização espiritual. Para isto, desenvolve temáticas como: a solidariedade fundamentada em princípios éticos, o altruísmo, a empatia, a gratuidade e mais enfaticamente a atitude de amor a partir da dimensão espiritual, concluindo que o trabalho voluntário fundamentado no amor profundo tem o potencial de realizar a pessoa espiritualmente. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica, utilizando a fenomenologia hermenêutica. E termina com as considerações finais, reforçando a ideia de que o trabalho voluntário é potencialmente realizador da pessoa em sua espiritualidade, pois, está direcionado para uma busca de sentido para a vida e também pode ser compreendido a partir da capacidade que o ser humano tem de sair do ensimesmamento e de olhar para além de si, em direção a um outro ou a uma causa, compreendendo nisso possibilidades da autotranscendência. (shrink)

In this article, framing and introducing the Special Issue on ‘Migrants, Farmers and Farmworkers’, we argue that the interaction between structural, institutional and political dynamics shapes the character and trajectory of social relations among migrants, farmers and farmworkers, which in turn influence or could influence the character and trajectory of broader struggles within and against capitalism, and the building of systemic alternatives. This collection looks into the specific entanglement of migrants, farmers and farmworkers in the context of this broader political (...) process. The current phase of global capitalism has resulted in the fragmentation of the working class and the peasantry. This has resulted in a complex chain of hollowed-out rural villages interspersed with layers of different categories of migrant labour that are telecoupled in rural–rural/rural–urban (cross-border) migration corridors. In this introduction, we tease out theoretical, methodological and political implications highlighted by the 14 papers in the collection, individually and collectively, and identify some future research and public action agendas. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é defender a uma perspectiva de ensino de filosofia baseada na compreensão pragmatista da prática intersubjetiva da argumentação racional, temperada por outro lado com a ênfase deleuziana na diferenciação e na singularidade das situações problemáticas, tomadas como situações que motivam as argumentações e discussões capazes de promover transformações políticas do mundo social. Na primeira seção introduzimos nossa perspectiva através da comparação de duas propostas mais diretamente vinculadas à questão da educação e do ensino de (...) filosofia, inspiradas, respectivamente, na tradição pragmatista e no pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari: a proposta do pensamento crítico e reflexivo desenvolvida por Matthew Lipman e a das experiências de pensamento apresentada por Silvio Gallo. Ainda na primeira seção, procuramos esclarecer nossa perspectiva estabelecendo algumas relações entre a filosofia da diferença de Deleuze e as filosofias da unidade de Kant e Habermas. Nas seções seguintes, procuramos defender nossa perspectiva por meio de análises das diferenças entre a unidade monológica e fixa de Kant e a unidade dialógica e passível de diferenciação da perspectiva pragmatista de Habermas. Palavras-chave: Pensamento Reflexivo; Pragmatismo; Argumentação; Habermas; Filosofia da Diferença Philosophy of Difference and Pragmatism: workshops on philosophical concepts as tools for the intersubjective practice of reasonable discussion Abstract: The objective of the present work is to defend a philosophy teaching perspective based on the pragmatist understanding of the intersubjective practice of rational argumentation, tempered on the other hand with the Deleuzian emphasis on the differentiation and singularity of problematic situations, taken as situations that motivate arguments and discussions capable of promoting political transformations in the social world. In the first section we introduce our perspective through the comparison of two proposals more directly linked to the issue of education and the teaching of philosophy, inspired, respectively, by the pragmatist tradition and the thought of Deleuze and Guattari: the proposal of critical and reflective thinking developed by Matthew Lipman and that of thought experiments presented by Silvio Gallo. Still in the first section, we seek to clarify our perspective by establishing some relationships between Deleuze's philosophy of difference and Kant's and Habermas' philosophies of unity. In the following sections, we seek to defend our perspective through analyzes of the differences between Kant's monological and fixed unity and the dialogical and differentiated unity of Habermas' pragmatist perspective. Keywords: Reflective Thinking; Pragmatism; Argumentation; Habermas; Philosophy of Difference Filosofía de la Diferencia y Pragmatismo: talleres sobre conceptos filosóficos como herramientas para la práctica intersubjetiva de la discusión razonable Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es defender una perspectiva de enseñanza de la filosofía basada en la comprensión pragmatista de la práctica intersubjetiva de la argumentación racional, atemperada por otro lado con el énfasis deleuziano en la diferenciación y singularidad de las situaciones problemáticas, tomadas como situaciones que motivan argumentos. y discusiones capaces de promover transformaciones políticas en el mundo social. En el primer apartado introducimos nuestra perspectiva a través de la comparación de dos propuestas más directamente vinculadas a la cuestión de la educación y la enseñanza de la filosofía, inspiradas, respectivamente, en la tradición pragmatista y en el pensamiento de Deleuze y Guattari: la propuesta de pensamiento crítico y reflexivo desarrollada por Matthew Lipman y el de experimentos de pensamiento presentados por Silvio Gallo. Aún en la primera sección, buscamos aclarar nuestra perspectiva estableciendo algunas relaciones entre la filosofía de la diferencia de Deleuze y las filosofías de la unidad de Kant y Habermas. En las siguientes secciones, buscamos defender nuestra perspectiva a través de análisis de las diferencias entre la unidad monológica y fija de Kant y la unidad dialógica y diferenciada de la perspectiva pragmatista de Habermas. Palabras Clave: Pensamiento Reflexivo; Pragmatismo; Argumentación; Habermas; Filosofía de la diferencia Data de registro: 03/02/2024 Data de aceite: 12/06/2024. (shrink)

This short essay constitutes a vindication of Adorno’s work on Beethoven as a profound text that sheds light on the understanding of the Frankfurtian’s thought. It will focus on the conclusions to which the late Beethovenian compositional technique leads and its role in a reconception of reason that represents a model from which to base a 21st century philosophy. It will start from the distinction made by Adorno of the different ways that Beethoven, throughout his styles of composition, elaborated to (...) confront or, rather, approach different moments and compositional techniques within a sonata form, delving into how those uses by the Late Beethoven were an influence on Adorno’s thought, to the point of hiding the key to the adornian problem: the overcoming of the Enlightenment through the Enlightenment itself. (shrink)

Sumário - Introdução; Ética e política; Jornada de seis horas; As utopias do século XXI; Dois mil e cinquenta; Política e ética; Política e ética II; Política e ética III; Desenvolvimento moral; O programa de direitos humanos; A verdade e o futuro da nação; Restaurando a ética; Moral e interesse; A eficácia sempre vence; A volta da política; O policial Beltrame; O amor cidadão.

A cognitivist and discursive ethics must distinguish itself from two other metaethical positions: on one side, a cognitivist but non-discursive ethics; on the other side, a noncognitivist but communicative, argumentative and procedural ethics. The aim of the present work is to use Habermas’ reflections on the topic of truth to develop an ideal-typical scheme which could be helpful in explaining those distinctions. This scheme will contain three typical conceptions about the truth of theoretical statements: realist-intuitionist conception, objectivist-semantic conception and discursive-consensual (...) conception. The distinctiveness of the cognitive-discursive ethics will then be explained by relating the cognitivist but non-discursive ethics and the noncognitivist but procedural ethics to their respective conceptions of truth: the realist-intuitionist conception and the objectivist-semantic conception. (shrink)

O objetivo do presente artigo é defender as seguintes teses. Em primeiro lugar, as teorias da justiça de Habermas e Rawls devem ser vistas como duas versões do construtivismo kantiano, entendido como abordagem metaética que pretende reunir anti-realismo e cognitivismo forte. Em segundo lugar, o contraste com o “construtivismo reconstrutivista” de Habermas ajuda a esclarecer de que modo a teoria de Rawls atende à pretensão de universalidade própria do cognitivismo forte. Ao realçar o fato de que o construtivismo de Rawls (...) está baseado no trabalho reflexivo da consciência individual, o contraste com Habermas permite compreender em que sentido os conceitos de equilíbrio reflexivo e consenso sobreposto designam um ideal com pretensão de validade universal, o que desmente o particularismo implicado nas interpretações coerentistas e relativistas destes conceitos. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a interpretação pragmatista da tradição da Teoria Crítica, e o papel que as idealizações neokantianas assumem nesta interpretação. Tentaremos mostrar que, em uma interpretação pragmatista, o cerne da Teoria Crítica consiste em uma tensão argumentativa vinculada à estruturação comunicativo-discursiva típica das sociedades democráticas contemporâneas, como estruturação que confere às discussões práticas um papel primordial na dinâmica social concreta. Partindo de uma análise das diferenças entre as perspectivas antiga e moderna de compreensão da discussão prática, (...) procuramos mostrar que, no âmbito das discussões práticas modernas ou contemporâneas, as idealizações neokantianas assumem um papel central, definido através da oposição a fatores objetivos ou objetivados, alheios à racionalidade, que admitidamente afetam tais discussões. Nesse contexto, as idealizações neokantianas se configuram como suposições idealizadoras, com as quais os participantes das discussões não podem deixar de em alguma medida se comprometer. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the pragmatist interpretation of Critical Theory, and the role that the neo-kantians idealizations assume in this interpretation. We argue that, in the pragmatist interpretation, the core of Critical Theory is located in an argumentative tension linked to the communicative and discursive structuring typical of the contemporary democratic societies, as a structuring which gives to the practical discussions a primordial role in the concrete dynamics of society. Starting from an analysis of the differences between the ancient and the modern perspectives of comprehension of practical discussion, we argue that, in the context of the modern or contemporary practical discussions, the neo-kantians idealizations assume a key role, defined by the opposition to objective or objectified elements, which are alien to rationality, and affect such discussions. In this context, the neo-kantians idealizations take the figure of idealizing suppositions, with which the participants cannot help engaging. (shrink)

La exposición se sitúa en el periodo postilustrado, a partir de Hegel. Bajo la influencia de este se desarrollará un pensamiento de alcance metafísico, en el que la ética y el sujeto ético se afirman como cuestión básica, hasta llegar a ser todo el asunto de la reflexión filosófica. En ese mismo tiempo, dentro del dominio y bajo la inspiración de las ciencias de la naturaleza, se desarrollará un tipo de pensamiento contrario al anterior, el del positivismo y neopositivismo, desconectado (...) de la metafísica, en el que la subjetividad y su mundo serán puestos en cuestión, dejados fuera del conocimiento o simplemente negados. (shrink)